COHERENCE |
Learn how to write coherently within a paragraph. In other words, make your ideas flow smoothly from one to the next
|
Now let's read a couple of paragraphs from the same text
The general idea is that corruption facilitates beneficial trades that would otherwise not have taken place. In doing so, it promotes efficiency by allowing individuals in the private sector to correct pre-existing government failures of various sorts. Leff uses the following example to set the stage. Back in the early 1960s, the relevant government agencies in Chile and Brazil were charged with the task of enforcing price controls for food products. In Chile, an honest agency enforced the freeze and food production stagnated. In Brazil, a corrupt agency effectively sabotaged the freeze and production increased, to the joy of consumers. Another piece of anecdotal evidence of how corruption can grease the wheels and be beneficial is Daniel Levy's fascinating account of how an illegal market, supported by a chain of bribe payments,3 emerged during the Soviet era in the Republic of Georgia (Levy, 2007). Its aim was to overcome the problem of shortage and other inefficiencies associated with the centrally planned economy. Although significant real resources had to be devoted to run this market, it can hardly be disputed that corruption allowed the Georgian economy to produce far more output and to allocate what was produced far more efficiently than would otherwise have been feasible. An alternative view of corruption is that it creates rather than corrects inefficiencies. This view has a long tradition within public choice (e.g. Buchanan and Tullock, 1962; Rose-Ackerman, 1999). It has more recently been given new life by Shleifer and Vishny (1993, 1998, ch. 1). They have, in fact, coined the term ‘the grabbing hand’ to describe how corruption arises because government officials seek rents whenever they can, subject only to the constraints given by economic, legal, and political institutions. One example of this is the Philippines under the Marcos regime where ‘cheap credit, tax incentives, state licences and monopoly privileges hinge on “personal considerations” (and) state resources are … appropriated for private ends’ (Hutchcroft, 1991). Another example comes from Russia after the fall of the Soviet Union, where a system of ill-defined property rights, corruption, and Mafia-style crime developed (Varese, 1997). |
TOPIC - corruption facilitates trade that might not have happened otherwise :)
Linking phrase - in doing so ...by allowing - by + -ing - to show how sth was done the following example In Chile, ...... In Brazil, - the same pattern to show contrast Another + NOUN (repeat the idea from the topic sentence) Its - pronoun reference - the aim of the illegal market in Georgia Although - contrast the following two ideas TOPIC - corruption creates problems :( This view - pronoun reference They - the authors Schleifer and Vishny they - government officials One example of this is where - relative adverb = in which place Another example comes from where - relative adverb = in which place |
Links to reputable sites that show you lists of transition words/linking words and phrases/connectives
https://student.unsw.edu.au/transition-signals-writing
http://services.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/532900/Connecting_ideas_in_academic_writing_Update_051112.pdf
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/574/02/
http://www.tas.herts.sch.uk/Portals/0/Documents/Home_Learning/Literacy/UsingConnectivescorrectly.pdf
https://student.unsw.edu.au/transition-signals-writing
http://services.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/532900/Connecting_ideas_in_academic_writing_Update_051112.pdf
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/574/02/
http://www.tas.herts.sch.uk/Portals/0/Documents/Home_Learning/Literacy/UsingConnectivescorrectly.pdf